Based on neural recordings, however, the response characteristics of CeA and BLA neurons to a conditioned taste stimulus are altered. ![]() Some studies unveiled no effect of CeA lesions on CTA, while others have shown that CeA lesions placed prior to conditioning disrupts learning. Lesion studies demonstrate a prominent role for the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), but are not in full agreement regarding the effects of damage to the central nucleus (CeA). Of these forebrain areas, the role of the amygdala in CTA has been investigated the most. Because lesions in the thalamus have no obvious effect on CTA, the direct PBN pathways to ventral forebrain structures contribute to formation of aversion gustatory memories. From the PBN, one rostral projecting pathway carries axons to the gustatory and visceral cortical areas via the thalamus and another directly to ventral forebrain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Neural processing in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is obligate for the integration of orosensory and visceral signals responsible for CTA. Experimentally, this form of learning is often induced by pairing intake of a novel taste stimulus with peripheral LiCl administration. This form of taste memory is called conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and discourages consumption upon subsequent exposure to that or any similar taste. nausea, sickness, or vomiting), the taste cue becomes an aversive signal. If consumption is followed by negative gastrointestinal consequences (e.g. ![]() taste) are associated with post-ingestive visceral signals related to the consequences of its ingestion. That is, when an animal eats, food-related signals (e.g. Not surprisingly, learning plays a critical role in feeding behavior through the establishment and strengthening of food preferences and aversions. Feeding is an important activity for all animals providing nutrients essential for survival and reproduction.
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